Relationship of MTB Positive Cases with CD4+ Count and Qualitative Leucocytes and Values of Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate in MTB Positive Cases in Gombe State

Doughari James Hamuel; Ja’afaru Mohammed Inuwa; Luka Joseph

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajlm.20220703.11

| Peer-Reviewed

Relationship of MTB Positive Cases with CD4+ Count and Qualitative Leucocytes and Values of Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate in MTB Positive Cases in Gombe State

Doughari James Hamuel, Ja’afaru Mohammed Inuwa, Luka Joseph

Published in American Journal of Laboratory Medicine (Volume 7, Issue 3)

Received: 1 May 2022 Accepted: 24 May 2022 Published: 28 July 2022

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) bacteria [link.springer.com] remains deadliest communicable disease. In this study the relationship of MTB positive cases with CD4+ count quantitative and qualitative leucocytes and values of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in MTB positive cases of patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis in Gombe State, Nigeria was determined. Four hundred (400) sputum and blood samples were collected from tuberculosis suspects referred to the laboratory from TB clinics in three Senatorial Zones of Gombe State. The sputum samples were analyzed using GeneXpert MTB/RIF and culture on MGIT tubes and LJ slants methods. The CD4+count determination was carried out using BD FACSCOUNT flow cytometery automated machine (BD Biosciences, 2007 Germany). Complete blood count determination was carried out using 5 - Part SYSMEX XN-330 HAEMATOLOGY ANALYZER (SYSMEX CORPORATION 2017). Result from this study showed Males have higher percentage MTB positivity cases than the females. However, both males and female within the age groups 25 to 54 years showed high rate of MTB positive cases. Mean CD₄₊ count of MTB positive patients obtained in this study was significantly lower (337.0 ±1.4) than that of the apparently healthy control (753.6 ±1.28). In this study the mean Haemoglobin (Hb) values (9.8 ±3.12 g/dL) among TB patients were lower than those the control group (13.7±2.71 g/dL) for both males and females. Result from this study also showed that the mean neutrophil count value (55.1 ±13.8) of infected patients was higher than that of the healthy control group (46.3 ±22.19) and the mean lymphocytes count value (34.7 ±13.5) of infected patients was lower compared to healthy control group value (42.13 ±20.59). Report from this study showed high proportion of MTB positive patients in Gombe State have subnormal CD4+ count cells, lymphocytopenia, anaemia, neutropenia, thrombocytosis, leucocytosis and high erythrocyte sedimentation rate level before starting treatment.

Published in	American Journal of Laboratory Medicine (Volume 7, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajlm.20220703.11
Page(s)	37-42
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

GeneXpert, Mycobacterium tuberculoisis, CD4+ Count, Haematology Parameters, Sputum, Culture

References

[1]	World Health Organization (2021). Global Tuberculosis report. books.google.com.ng.
[2]	Copenhagen Consensus Center (2021). Nigeria perspective: Tuberculosis report.
[3]	Dereje Atomsa, Gemeda Abebe, and Tsegaye Sewunet (2014). Immunological Markers and Hematological Parameters among Newly Diagnosed Tuberculosis Patients at Jimma University Specialized Hospital. Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences. 24 (4): 311–318. doi: 10.4314/ejhs.v24i4.6.
[4]	Kaufmann S H (2016). How can immunology contribute to the control of tuberculosis. Nature Reviews Immunology 1 (1): 20–30. [PubMed] [Google Scholar].
[5]	Al-Aska A. I, Al-Anazi A. R, Al-Subaei S. S, Al-Hedaithy M. A, Barry M. A, Somily A. M, Buba F., Yusuf U., Al Anazi N. A (2011). CD4+ T-lymphopenia in HIV negative tuberculous patients at King Khalid University Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. European Journal of Medical Research; 16 (6): 285–288. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar].
[6]	Zhu J Y H and PW E (2010). Differentiation of effector CD4 T cell populations. Annual Review of Immunology. 28: 445–489. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar].
[7]	Aloysius E. U., (2012). Practical guide to writing research project reports in tertiary institutions 4th edition. Cheston Publishers.
[8]	Gombe Population, (2022). https://en.m.wikipedia.org
[9]	Thomas Bodmer, Angelika Strohle (2012). “Diagnosing Pulmonary Tuberculosis with the the Xpert MTB/RIF Test”, Journal of Visualized Experiments.
[10]	MGIT^TM Procedural Manual (2016). http://www.finddiagnostics.org/export/sites/default/resource-centre/find_reports/pdfs/mgit_manual_nov2016
[11]	Saadeh C (2018). The erythrocyte sedimentation rate: old and new clinical applications. South Medical Journal; 91: 220-5.
[12]	Andrea M. Cooper (2015), Cell mediated immune responses in Tuberculosis. Annu Rev. Immunol. 27: 393–422. doi: 10.1146/annurev.immunol.021908.132703.
[13]	Uppal S. S, Verma S, Dhot P. S. (2014). Comparison of CD4 and CD8 Lymphocyte Counts in HIV-Negative Pulmonary TB Patients with Those in Normal Blood Donors and the Effect of Anti-tubercular Treatment: Hospital-Based Flow Cytometric Study. Cytometry Part B (Clinical Cytometry). Journal of immunology 7: pp 1154-1162.
[14]	Guggino, S. A. Caccamo, N., G Joosten, G. Gelsomino, P. Di Carlo, L. Titone, D. Galati, M. Bocchino, A. Matarese, A. Salerno, (2010). Multifunctional CD4+ T cells correlate with active Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. European Journal of Immunology. 28 (12), 67-69.
[15]	Kony SJ, Hane a a, Larouzé B, Samb a, Cissoko S, et al. (2000) Tuberculosis-associated severe CD4+ T-lymphocytopenia in HIV-seronegative patients from Dakar. SIDAK Research Group. J Infect 41: 167–171.
[16]	Khader, S. A., Bell, G. K. Pearl, J. E. Fountain, J. J. Rangel-Moreno, J. Cilley, G. E. et al (2017). IL-23 and IL-17 in the establishment of protective pulmonary CD4+ T cell responses after vaccination and during Mycobacterium tuberculosis challenge. Nature Immunology. 28 (5), 69-71.
[17]	Green, A. M., R. Difazio, and J. L. Flynn (2016). IFN-g from CD4 T cells is essential for host survival and enhances CD8 T cell function during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Journal of Immunology. 17 (1), 14-19.
[18]	Caccamo, N., G. Guggino, S. A. Joosten, G. Gelsomino, P. Di Carlo, L. Titone, D. Galati, M. Bocchino, A. Matarese, A. Salerno, (2010). Multifunctional CD4+ T cells correlate with active Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. European Journal of Immunology. 28 (12), 67-69.
[19]	Beutler, E. and Waalen, J. (2016). The defnition of anemia: what is the lower limit of normal of the blood hemoglobin concentration. Blood 107.
[20]	Ciglenecki I., Glynn J. R, Mwinga A, Ngwira B, Zumla A, Fine P. E, (2017). Population differences in death rates in HIV-positive patients with tuberculosis. International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 5 (10): 76–82.
[21]	Ebrahim, O., Folb, P. I., Robson, S. C. & Jacobs, P., (2015). Blunted erythropoietin response to anaemia in tuberculosis. European Journal of Haematology. 7 (2), 55-58.
[22]	Lee S. W, Kang YA, Yoon YS, Um SW, Lee SM, Yoo CG, (2016). The prevalence and evolution of anemia associated with tuberculosis. Journal of Korean Medical sciences. 21 (6): 1028–1032. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar].
[23]	Al-muhammadi M. O., H. G. Al-Shammery (2011). Studying Some Hematological Changes in Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Babylon Governorate, Medical Journal of Babylon. 17 (8), pp 231 – 233.
[24]	Shareef H. A. and N. R. M. Amin, (2012). Abnormalities of hematological parameters in newly diagnosed Pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Kirkuk city, Journal of University of Babylon. 21 (9) pp 211- 212.
[25]	Shafee, F. Abbas, M. Ashraf (2014). “Hematological profile and risk factors associated with pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Quetta, Pakistan,” Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences. 4 (2) 243 – 245.
[26]	Shah S, Whalen C, Kotler DP, Mayanja H, Namale A, Melikian G, (2011). Severity of human immunodeficiency virus infection is associated with decreased phase angle, fat mass and body cell mass in adults with pulmonary tuberculosis infection in Uganda. Journal of Nutrition. 35, pp 11–17.
[27]	Singh K. J., Sharma S. K, Saxena R, Chaudhary V. P, Anant M. (2012). Significance of haematological manifestations in patients with tuberculosis. Journal of Association of Physicians India. 49 (88), pp 790–794. [PubMed] [Google Scholar].
[28]	Yan S. L. S. Russell, J. and Granger, D. N. (2014). Platelet activation and platelet-leukocyte aggregation elicited in experimental colitis are mediated by interleukin-6. Journal of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. 3: 3 pp 388–393.
[29]	Zahorec R. (2011). Ratio of neutrophil to lymphocyte counts rapid and simple parameter of systemic inflammation and stress in critically ill. Bratislavske Lekarske Listy. pp 79: pp 89 – 100.
[30]	Amilo G. I, Meludu S. C, Ele P. U, Ezechukwu C, Onyenekwe C, Chukwu M. I. (2013). Haematologic indices in pulmonary tuberculosis with or without HIV co-infection in South Eastern Nigeria. Journal of Advanced Life Science Technology. 44 (41) 1884-1886.
[31]	Fenton J. and Vermeulen M. W. (2916) Immunopathology of tuberculosis. Roles of macrophages and monocytes. Infection and Immunity. 10 (1), 35-39.
[32]	Oliva V M, Cezario GAG, Cocato RA, Marchondes-Machado J, (2015). Pulmonary tuberculosis: hematology, serum biochemistry and the relation with the disease duration. Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases. (92), pp 573–581.
[33]	Rakotosamimanana, V. Richard, V. Raharimanga (2015). Biomarkers for risk of developing active tuberculosis in contacts of TB patients: a prospective cohort study. European Respiratory Journal. 10 (9) pp 76–82. [PubMed].

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Doughari James Hamuel, Ja’afaru Mohammed Inuwa, Luka Joseph. (2022). Relationship of MTB Positive Cases with CD4+ Count and Qualitative Leucocytes and Values of Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate in MTB Positive Cases in Gombe State. American Journal of Laboratory Medicine, 7(3), 37-42. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajlm.20220703.11

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Doughari James Hamuel; Ja’afaru Mohammed Inuwa; Luka Joseph. Relationship of MTB Positive Cases with CD4+ Count and Qualitative Leucocytes and Values of Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate in MTB Positive Cases in Gombe State. Am. J. Lab. Med. 2022, 7(3), 37-42. doi: 10.11648/j.ajlm.20220703.11

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Doughari James Hamuel, Ja’afaru Mohammed Inuwa, Luka Joseph. Relationship of MTB Positive Cases with CD4+ Count and Qualitative Leucocytes and Values of Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate in MTB Positive Cases in Gombe State. Am J Lab Med. 2022;7(3):37-42. doi: 10.11648/j.ajlm.20220703.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajlm.20220703.11,
  author = {Doughari James Hamuel and Ja’afaru Mohammed Inuwa and Luka Joseph},
  title = {Relationship of MTB Positive Cases with CD4+ Count and Qualitative Leucocytes and Values of Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate in MTB Positive Cases in Gombe State},
  journal = {American Journal of Laboratory Medicine},
  volume = {7},
  number = {3},
  pages = {37-42},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajlm.20220703.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajlm.20220703.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajlm.20220703.11},
  abstract = {Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) bacteria [link.springer.com] remains deadliest communicable disease. In this study the relationship of MTB positive cases with CD4+ count quantitative and qualitative leucocytes and values of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in MTB positive cases of patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis in Gombe State, Nigeria was determined. Four hundred (400) sputum and blood samples were collected from tuberculosis suspects referred to the laboratory from TB clinics in three Senatorial Zones of Gombe State. The sputum samples were analyzed using GeneXpert MTB/RIF and culture on MGIT tubes and LJ slants methods. The CD4+count determination was carried out using BD FACSCOUNT flow cytometery automated machine (BD Biosciences, 2007 Germany). Complete blood count determination was carried out using 5 - Part SYSMEX XN-330 HAEMATOLOGY ANALYZER (SYSMEX CORPORATION 2017). Result from this study showed Males have higher percentage MTB positivity cases than the females. However, both males and female within the age groups 25 to 54 years showed high rate of MTB positive cases. Mean CD4+ count of MTB positive patients obtained in this study was significantly lower (337.0 ±1.4) than that of the apparently healthy control (753.6 ±1.28). In this study the mean Haemoglobin (Hb) values (9.8 ±3.12 g/dL) among TB patients were lower than those the control group (13.7±2.71 g/dL) for both males and females. Result from this study also showed that the mean neutrophil count value (55.1 ±13.8) of infected patients was higher than that of the healthy control group (46.3 ±22.19) and the mean lymphocytes count value (34.7 ±13.5) of infected patients was lower compared to healthy control group value (42.13 ±20.59). Report from this study showed high proportion of MTB positive patients in Gombe State have subnormal CD4+ count cells, lymphocytopenia, anaemia, neutropenia, thrombocytosis, leucocytosis and high erythrocyte sedimentation rate level before starting treatment.},
 year = {2022}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Relationship of MTB Positive Cases with CD4+ Count and Qualitative Leucocytes and Values of Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate in MTB Positive Cases in Gombe State
AU  - Doughari James Hamuel
AU  - Ja’afaru Mohammed Inuwa
AU  - Luka Joseph
Y1  - 2022/07/28
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajlm.20220703.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajlm.20220703.11
T2  - American Journal of Laboratory Medicine
JF  - American Journal of Laboratory Medicine
JO  - American Journal of Laboratory Medicine
SP  - 37
EP  - 42
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-386X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajlm.20220703.11
AB  - Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) bacteria [link.springer.com] remains deadliest communicable disease. In this study the relationship of MTB positive cases with CD4+ count quantitative and qualitative leucocytes and values of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in MTB positive cases of patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis in Gombe State, Nigeria was determined. Four hundred (400) sputum and blood samples were collected from tuberculosis suspects referred to the laboratory from TB clinics in three Senatorial Zones of Gombe State. The sputum samples were analyzed using GeneXpert MTB/RIF and culture on MGIT tubes and LJ slants methods. The CD4+count determination was carried out using BD FACSCOUNT flow cytometery automated machine (BD Biosciences, 2007 Germany). Complete blood count determination was carried out using 5 - Part SYSMEX XN-330 HAEMATOLOGY ANALYZER (SYSMEX CORPORATION 2017). Result from this study showed Males have higher percentage MTB positivity cases than the females. However, both males and female within the age groups 25 to 54 years showed high rate of MTB positive cases. Mean CD4+ count of MTB positive patients obtained in this study was significantly lower (337.0 ±1.4) than that of the apparently healthy control (753.6 ±1.28). In this study the mean Haemoglobin (Hb) values (9.8 ±3.12 g/dL) among TB patients were lower than those the control group (13.7±2.71 g/dL) for both males and females. Result from this study also showed that the mean neutrophil count value (55.1 ±13.8) of infected patients was higher than that of the healthy control group (46.3 ±22.19) and the mean lymphocytes count value (34.7 ±13.5) of infected patients was lower compared to healthy control group value (42.13 ±20.59). Report from this study showed high proportion of MTB positive patients in Gombe State have subnormal CD4+ count cells, lymphocytopenia, anaemia, neutropenia, thrombocytosis, leucocytosis and high erythrocyte sedimentation rate level before starting treatment.
VL  - 7
IS  - 3
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Doughari James Hamuel

Department of Microbiology, Modibbo Adama University, Yola, Nigeria
Ja’afaru Mohammed Inuwa

Department of Microbiology, Modibbo Adama University, Yola, Nigeria
Luka Joseph

Diagnosis Department, Gombe State Ministry of Health, Gombe, Nigeria

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Doughari James Hamuel, Ja’afaru Mohammed Inuwa, Luka Joseph. (2022). Relationship of MTB Positive Cases with CD4+ Count and Qualitative Leucocytes and Values of Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate in MTB Positive Cases in Gombe State. American Journal of Laboratory Medicine, 7(3), 37-42. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajlm.20220703.11

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Doughari James Hamuel; Ja’afaru Mohammed Inuwa; Luka Joseph. Relationship of MTB Positive Cases with CD4+ Count and Qualitative Leucocytes and Values of Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate in MTB Positive Cases in Gombe State. Am. J. Lab. Med. 2022, 7(3), 37-42. doi: 10.11648/j.ajlm.20220703.11

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Doughari James Hamuel, Ja’afaru Mohammed Inuwa, Luka Joseph. Relationship of MTB Positive Cases with CD4+ Count and Qualitative Leucocytes and Values of Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate in MTB Positive Cases in Gombe State. Am J Lab Med. 2022;7(3):37-42. doi: 10.11648/j.ajlm.20220703.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajlm.20220703.11,
  author = {Doughari James Hamuel and Ja’afaru Mohammed Inuwa and Luka Joseph},
  title = {Relationship of MTB Positive Cases with CD4+ Count and Qualitative Leucocytes and Values of Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate in MTB Positive Cases in Gombe State},
  journal = {American Journal of Laboratory Medicine},
  volume = {7},
  number = {3},
  pages = {37-42},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajlm.20220703.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajlm.20220703.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajlm.20220703.11},
  abstract = {Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) bacteria [link.springer.com] remains deadliest communicable disease. In this study the relationship of MTB positive cases with CD4+ count quantitative and qualitative leucocytes and values of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in MTB positive cases of patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis in Gombe State, Nigeria was determined. Four hundred (400) sputum and blood samples were collected from tuberculosis suspects referred to the laboratory from TB clinics in three Senatorial Zones of Gombe State. The sputum samples were analyzed using GeneXpert MTB/RIF and culture on MGIT tubes and LJ slants methods. The CD4+count determination was carried out using BD FACSCOUNT flow cytometery automated machine (BD Biosciences, 2007 Germany). Complete blood count determination was carried out using 5 - Part SYSMEX XN-330 HAEMATOLOGY ANALYZER (SYSMEX CORPORATION 2017). Result from this study showed Males have higher percentage MTB positivity cases than the females. However, both males and female within the age groups 25 to 54 years showed high rate of MTB positive cases. Mean CD4+ count of MTB positive patients obtained in this study was significantly lower (337.0 ±1.4) than that of the apparently healthy control (753.6 ±1.28). In this study the mean Haemoglobin (Hb) values (9.8 ±3.12 g/dL) among TB patients were lower than those the control group (13.7±2.71 g/dL) for both males and females. Result from this study also showed that the mean neutrophil count value (55.1 ±13.8) of infected patients was higher than that of the healthy control group (46.3 ±22.19) and the mean lymphocytes count value (34.7 ±13.5) of infected patients was lower compared to healthy control group value (42.13 ±20.59). Report from this study showed high proportion of MTB positive patients in Gombe State have subnormal CD4+ count cells, lymphocytopenia, anaemia, neutropenia, thrombocytosis, leucocytosis and high erythrocyte sedimentation rate level before starting treatment.},
 year = {2022}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Relationship of MTB Positive Cases with CD4+ Count and Qualitative Leucocytes and Values of Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate in MTB Positive Cases in Gombe State
AU  - Doughari James Hamuel
AU  - Ja’afaru Mohammed Inuwa
AU  - Luka Joseph
Y1  - 2022/07/28
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajlm.20220703.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajlm.20220703.11
T2  - American Journal of Laboratory Medicine
JF  - American Journal of Laboratory Medicine
JO  - American Journal of Laboratory Medicine
SP  - 37
EP  - 42
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-386X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajlm.20220703.11
AB  - Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) bacteria [link.springer.com] remains deadliest communicable disease. In this study the relationship of MTB positive cases with CD4+ count quantitative and qualitative leucocytes and values of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in MTB positive cases of patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis in Gombe State, Nigeria was determined. Four hundred (400) sputum and blood samples were collected from tuberculosis suspects referred to the laboratory from TB clinics in three Senatorial Zones of Gombe State. The sputum samples were analyzed using GeneXpert MTB/RIF and culture on MGIT tubes and LJ slants methods. The CD4+count determination was carried out using BD FACSCOUNT flow cytometery automated machine (BD Biosciences, 2007 Germany). Complete blood count determination was carried out using 5 - Part SYSMEX XN-330 HAEMATOLOGY ANALYZER (SYSMEX CORPORATION 2017). Result from this study showed Males have higher percentage MTB positivity cases than the females. However, both males and female within the age groups 25 to 54 years showed high rate of MTB positive cases. Mean CD4+ count of MTB positive patients obtained in this study was significantly lower (337.0 ±1.4) than that of the apparently healthy control (753.6 ±1.28). In this study the mean Haemoglobin (Hb) values (9.8 ±3.12 g/dL) among TB patients were lower than those the control group (13.7±2.71 g/dL) for both males and females. Result from this study also showed that the mean neutrophil count value (55.1 ±13.8) of infected patients was higher than that of the healthy control group (46.3 ±22.19) and the mean lymphocytes count value (34.7 ±13.5) of infected patients was lower compared to healthy control group value (42.13 ±20.59). Report from this study showed high proportion of MTB positive patients in Gombe State have subnormal CD4+ count cells, lymphocytopenia, anaemia, neutropenia, thrombocytosis, leucocytosis and high erythrocyte sedimentation rate level before starting treatment.
VL  - 7
IS  - 3
ER  -

Copy | Download