Comparative Hematological Profiles of Women with and Without Uterine Leiomyomas: A Case-Control Study

Patricia Ejenawome Dele-Ochie; Fidelis Ohiremen Oyakhire; Juliana Edusola Olaniyan; Divine Amakhu Dele; Babatunde Ishola Gabriel Adejumo; Kelly Iria Esezobor; Samson Efenarhua; Osamwonyi Ernest Igbinovia; Emmanuel Onosetale Afeikhena; Caleb Akhere Aigbokhan; Joshua Osamudiamen Eboselume; Prasad Babu Dasari; Sadeeq Abdulsalam; Andre Julin – Paulidor Kamdem

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajlm.20251004.12

Research Article |

| Peer-Reviewed

Comparative Hematological Profiles of Women with and Without Uterine Leiomyomas: A Case-Control Study

Patricia Ejenawome Dele-Ochie

, Fidelis Ohiremen Oyakhire^*

, Juliana Edusola Olaniyan, Divine Amakhu Dele, Babatunde Ishola Gabriel Adejumo

, Kelly Iria Esezobor, Samson Efenarhua

, Osamwonyi Ernest Igbinovia

, Emmanuel Onosetale Afeikhena

, Caleb Akhere Aigbokhan

, Joshua Osamudiamen Eboselume, Prasad Babu Dasari

, Sadeeq Abdulsalam, Andre Julin – Paulidor Kamdem

Published in American Journal of Laboratory Medicine (Volume 10, Issue 4)

Received: 3 September 2025 Accepted: 12 September 2025 Published: 9 October 2025

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Abstract

Background: Uterine leiomyomas, the most common benign tumors in women of reproductive age, are frequently associated with hematological changes due to abnormal uterine bleeding and related mechanisms. Data on how these changes vary with sociodemographic factors remain limited. Aim: This study assessed hematological profiles in women with leiomyomas compared with controls and examined variations by parity, marital status, age, and ethnicity. Methods: A comparative case-control study was conducted among women with leiomyomas and age-matched controls. Hematological indices were analyzed using standard hematology analyzers, and data were compared using statistical tests with significance set at P < 0.05. Results: Women with leiomyomas had significantly lower mean hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and eosinophils, while basophils and platelets were significantly elevated (P < 0.05). Nulliparous women showed higher platelet counts than multiparous women. Single women had lower hemoglobin and higher platelets compared with married women. Women aged 41–45 years showed reduced monocyte levels. Ethnic differences were noted, with higher WBC in Isoko women, higher basophils in Ijaws, increased MCH in Igbos, and lower MCHC in Itsekiris. Conclusion: Leiomyomas are linked with anemia-related changes and elevated platelets, with variations across demographic factors. Routine hematological monitoring is essential for tailored management in affected women.

Published in	American Journal of Laboratory Medicine (Volume 10, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajlm.20251004.12
Page(s)	78-90
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Uterine Leiomyomas, Hematological Parameters, Case-Control Study, Anemia, Women’s Health, Hematological Alterations, Gynecological Disorders

1. Introduction

Uterine leiomyomas (fibroids) are the most common benign tumors of the female reproductive tract, arising from myometrial smooth muscle and characterized by abundant extracellular matrix deposition that contributes to their fibrotic, proliferative phenotype

[1-3]

. They affect a significant proportion of women during the reproductive years; population data indicate a lifetime (to age 50) cumulative incidence approaching 70–80%, with earlier onset and higher burden among women of African ancestry

[2-4]

. Symptoms ranges from asymptomatic disease to clinically significant abnormal uterine bleeding, pelvic pain/pressure, infertility, and adverse pregnancy outcomes, with heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) a major driver of iron-deficiency anemia

[4-6]

In sub-Saharan Africa—including Nigeria—fibroids are a leading cause of gynecologic consultations and surgery, and anemia is a frequent co-morbidity in symptomatic cases

[7-9]

. Despite this burden, most Nigerian and regional studies emphasize clinical presentation and treatment patterns rather than systematic hematological profiling beyond hemoglobin or anemia status. Moreover, evidence from the Niger Delta—particularly Warri metropolis—is sparse, despite socio-environmental factors, dietary patterns, and healthcare-access dynamics that may shape both fibroid biology and hematological responses. Notably, emerging data suggest that fibroid subtype and location (e.g., submucosal) are associated with greater anemia risk, underscoring the biological plausibility for broader hematological alterations in affected women

[10]

There is limited, locality-specific evidence describing the full hematological profile of women with leiomyomas in Warri, beyond hemoglobin concentration alone. This constrains context-appropriate screening and supportive care (e.g., targeted anemia work-up and preoperative optimization). Prior work in Nigeria rarely evaluates comprehensive hematological parameters beyond hemoglobin alone. One small local study in adult women with uterine fibroids did assess full blood count–derived indices—including hemoglobin, hematocrit, RBC count, MCV, MCHC, WBC, and platelet counts—but noted significant reductions in several red cell parameters in women with fibroids compared to controls, suggesting the relevance of broader hematological evaluation

[11]

. To close this gap, the present case-control study in Warri metropolis will compare comprehensive hematological parameters in women with ultrasound-confirmed leiomyomas versus age-/parity-matched women without leiomyomas.

This would be the first detailed, Warri-based comparative hematological characterization in women with and without leiomyomas. By delineating patterns in red cell indices, white cell counts, and platelet parameters—not just hemoglobin—the study aims to inform earlier recognition of fibroid-associated dyscrasias and tailor clinical pathways (screening, iron repletion, timing of intervention) in a resource-constrained setting.

Women with ultrasonographically confirmed leiomyomas in Warri exhibit distinct hematological profiles—including lower hemoglobin/hematocrit, altered red cell indices, and platelet changes—compared with matched women without leiomyomas.

Findings in this would contribute to bridging a critical research gap in Nigeria, where most prior investigations have emphasized endocrine or immunological mechanisms. The study aim to compare comprehensive hematological profiles between women with uterine leiomyomas and matched controls without leiomyomas in Warri metropolis, Nigeria.

1.1. Materials and Methods

1.1.1. Study Design and Location

This was an analytical case-control study conducted at selected diagnostic and clinical laboratories in Warri, Delta State, Nigeria. Warri is a major commercial city in southern Nigeria with a multi-ethnic population and a high rate of spontaneous clinic attendance for gynecologic ultrasonography.

1.1.2. Study Population and Ethical Approval

Four hundred (400) women were recruited into this study. Three hundred (300) women with ultrasound-guided confirmed cases of uterine leiomyomas were recruited as study subjects, while 100 women who were confirmed via ultrasound without uterine leiomyoma were recruited as control subjects. These women with fibroid were drawn from women attending Gynaecology clinic in Government Hospital Ekpan and Central Hospital, Warri, both in Delta State, Nigeria. In this study, the controls were drawn from healthy general public without leiomyoma in Ekpan and Warri. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Government Hospital, Ekpan and Central Hospital Warri, Delta State with reference number and EMZ/GHE/ETN/VOL./1/5, 29/6/2016 and CHW/ECCVOL 1/ 129, 25/5/2017 respectively.

1.1.3. Sample Size Calculation

The technique used for the sample size determination was the formula by (Naing et al., 2006)

[12]

. This is as shown below:

n = \frac{Z^{2} x P (1 - P)}{d^{2}}

Where; n = required sample size.

Z = Value of normal distribution at confidence level at 95% (standard value of 1.96)

P = Estimated prevalence of patient with uterine leiomyomas 18%

[13]

d = Margin of error at 5% (standard value of 0.05).

Substituting into the above formula; we have

n = \frac{{1.96}^{2} x 0.18 (1 - 0.18)}{{0.05}^{2}}

= 226.8 = 227.0

The minimum size calculated was 227, but for the purpose of this study, the size was increased to 300 women due to attritions and 100 controls subjects were enrolled from among the same communities.

Inclusion criteria were women of reproductive age (20–50 years), not pregnant, not on hormonal therapy, and without chronic diseases such as autoimmune disorders or cancer. Exclusion criteria included recent infections (within four weeks), iron deficiency, hemoglobinopathies, immunosuppressive drug use, or prior surgical treatment for fibroids.

1.1.4. Sample Collection and Laboratory Analysis

Approximately 3mL of venous blood was collected from each participant under aseptic conditions using a sterile needle and syringe, and then dispensed into Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) bottle. It was mixed thoroughly to avoid clotting.

1.1.5. Methods of Full Blood Count (FBC) Using Haematology Analyser

The sample collected in EDTA bottle was properly mixed by using sample mixers (MX14K Blood Tube Roller Mixer, Finecare, China) and at the end of the mixing. The sample was placed under the probe of analyzer and aspirated. The analyzer (BC-5380, Shenzhen, China) immediately processed the blood sample and under few seconds. The results (white blood cells count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cells counts, RBC indices, platelets count were displayed on the analyzer screen and then printed and recorded.

1.1.6. Ultrasonographic Diagnosis

Transabdominal pelvic ultrasonography was performed using a GE LOGIQ e Ultrasound Machine with a 3.5 MHz convex probe. Fibroids were classified based on location: submucosal, intramural, and subserosal.

1.2. Statistical Analysis

Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Descriptive statistics (mean ± SEM) were used to summarize participant characteristics. Independent t-tests compared mean values between two groups while one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compared mean values in more than two groups. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

2. Results

Table 1 shows the haematological profile of women with leiomyomas compared with women without leiomyomas. It was observed that the means level of eosinophil, Hb, Hct, MCV, MCHC were significant lower (P<0.05) among women with leiomyomas than normal control subjects. However, the mean level of basophils and platelets were significantly increased (P<0.05) in the leiomyomas subjects than the control subjects.

Table 2 shows comparison of haematological parameters in women with leiomyomas based on parity. It was observed that the mean platelet level in nulliparous women with leiomyomas was significantly increased (p<0.05) compared to multiparous women with leiomyomas. Meanwhile, the means of others haematological parameters showed significant difference (P>0.05).

Table 3 shows comparison analysis of haematological parameters in women with leiomyomas based on marital status. It was observed that the mean level of hemoglobin (Hb) in single women with leiomyomas was significantly lower (p<0.05) compared to married women with leiomyomas while the mean platelet level of single women with leiomyomas was significantly higher (p<0.05) compared to married women with leiomyomas. However, other haematological parameters shown no significance difference (P>0.05).

Table 4 shows comparison of haematological Parameters in Women with leiomyomas based on Age. It was observed that the mean level of monocytes was significantly decreased (P<0.05) between 41-45yrs. However, the means level of other parameters showed no statistically significant difference (P>0.05).

Table 5 shows comparison of haematological parameters in women with leiomyomas based on ethnicity. It was observed that the mean WBC cell/mm³ level was significantly higher (P<0.05) among the Isoko ethnicity than the other ethnic groups. The mean Basophil (%) level was significantly higher (P<0.05) among the Ijaws than other ethnic groups. The mean MCH level (pg/l) was significantly higher (P<0.05) among the Igbos than the other ethnic group. The mean level of MCHC (pg/ml) was significantly lower (P<0.05) among the Itsekiri than the other ethnic groups.

Table 1. Comparative analysis of the haematological profile of Women with leiomyomas and Control.

PARAMETERS	CONTROLS X̅±SE (min-max) n=100	WOMEN WITH LEIOMYOMAS X̅±SE (min-max) n=300	P-VALUE
WBC (cells/mm)	6.055± 0.207 (2.60-12.8)	5.782± 0.083 (2.60-18.9)	0.146
LYMPHOCYTE (%)	39.81± 1.103 (15.0-64.0)	39.64±0.449 (15.0-64.0)	0.866
NEUTROPHILS (%)	57.19± 1.091 (29.0-83.0)	57.20± 0.437 (29.0-83.0)	0.989
MONOCYTES (%)	1.606± 0.107 (0.00-5.00)	1.900± 0.091 (0.00-8.00)	0.085
BASOPHILS (%)	0.630± 0.104 (0.00-7.00)	0.939± 0.084 (0.00-9.00)	0.050
EOSINOPHILS (%)	0.510± 0.090 (0.00-6.00)	0.270± 0.034 (0.00-3.00)	0.002
HGB (g/dl)	11.58±0.165 (4.20-14.0)	9.854± 0.136 (2.60-15.0)	0.000
RBC (10¹²/L)	4.627± 0.108 (2.13-5.80)	4.651± 0.217 (1.81-4.50)	0.948
HCT (%)	35.50± 0.476 (12.0-45.0)	31.36±0.395 (5.30-45.0)	0.000
MCV (Fl)	81.76± 0.826 (57.0-97.0)	73.29± 0.652 (8.90-93.70)	0.000
MCH (Pg)	23.84±2.281 (12.30-248.0)	20.52± 0.820 (12.30-248.0)	0.088
MCHC (g/dl)	30.89± 3.432 (7.80-28.3)	25.72± 0.124 (7.80-29.80)	0.010
PLATELETS (10⁹/L)	273.36± 14.04 (56.0-886.0)	331.19±15.49 (56.0-4300.0)	0.040

RBC= Red blood cells, MCH=Mean cell haemoglobin, MCHC=Mean cell

haemoglobin concentration, P> 0.05 = non significant difference, P< 0.05 significant difference, WBC=White blood cell, HGB= Haemoglobin Concentration, X̅ = Mean, SE=Standard Error, HCT= Haematocrit, X̅±SE (min-max), MCV=Mean cell volume, %=Percentage.

Table 2. Comparison of haematological parameters in women with leiomyomas based on parity.

PARAMETERS	Multiparous Women X̅±SE (min-max) n=95	Nulliparous Women X̅±SE (min-max) n=205	P-VALUE
WBC (cells/mm)	5.752± 0.130 (3.5010.90)	5.796± 0.107 (2.60-18.90)	0.806
LYMPHOCYTE (%)	40.56±0.859 (15.0-64.0)	39.21± 0.521 (15.0-64.0)	0.164
NEUTROPHILS (%)	56.49±0.815 (36.0-83.0)	57.5317± 0.516 (29.0-83.0)	0.270
MONOCYTES (%)	1.884± 0.172 (0.00-8.00)	1.9167± 0.107 (0.00-7.00)	0.869
BASOPHILS (%)	0.821±0.141 (0.00-6.00)	0.995± 0.104 (0.00-9.00)	0.336
EOSINOPHILS (%)	0.358± 0.072 (0.00-3.00)	0.229± 0.036 (0.00-3.00)	0.075
HGB (g/dl)	10.13±0.229 (4.20-14.00)	9.725± 0.168 (2.60-15.00)	0.167
RBC Cell 10¹²/l	4.382± 0.068 (2.13-5.83)	4.776±0.316 (2.13- 5.60.0)	0.399
HCT (%)	32.17± 0.660 (12.0-44.0)	30.99± 0.489 (5.30-45.0)	0.166
MCV (fl)	74.96± 0.960 (55.0-92.50)	72.53±0.840 (54.90-93.7)	0.082
MCH (pg/l)	22.22± 2.423 (12.3-248.0)	19.74± 0.424 (12.30-69.20)	0.159
MCHC (g/dl)	25.94± 0.260 (7.80-29.0)	25.61±0.136 (15.30-29.0)	0.221
PLATELETS (10⁹/L)	282.31± 12.57 (56.0-886.0)	353.84± 21.76 (89.0-430.0)	0.032

*P> 0.05 = no significant difference, P< 0.05 = significant difference, WBC=White blood cell, HGB= Haemoglobin Concentration, RBCS= Red blood cells, MCV=Mean cell volume, MCH=Mean cell haemoglobin, MCHC=Mean cell haemoglobin concentration, X̅ = Mean, SE=Standard Error, HCT=Haematocrit, %=percentage

Table 3. Comparison Analysis of Haematological Parameters in Women with Leiomyomas based on Marital Status.

PARAMETERS	MARRIED X̅±SE (min-max) N=208	SINGLE X̅±SE (min-max) N=92	P-VALUE
WBC (cells/mm)	5.791±0.107 (2.60-18.9)	5.760± 0.126 (3.30-12.80)	0.863
LYMPHOYCTE (%)	39.62±0.579 (15.0-64.0)	39.52±0.659 (20.0-60.0)	0.861
NEUTROPHILS (%)	57.24± 0.568 (29.0-83.0)	57.13± 0.620 (76.0-38.0)	0.912
MONOCYTES (%)	1.8792±0.109 (0.00- 8.00)	1.967±0.168 (0.00-7.00)	0.656
BASOPHILS (%)	0.913± 0.107 (0.00-9.00)	1.000±0.128 (0.00-6.00)	0.634
EOSINOPHILS (%)	0.288±0.041 (0.00-3.00)	0.228±0.058 (0.00-3.00)	0.409
HGB (g/dl)	10.04±0.165 (2.60-15.0)	9.436±0.237 (4.20 -14.0)	0.041
RBC cells 10¹²/l	4.668±0.279 (2.13-5.60)	4.614±0.319 (2.13-5.85)	0.908
HCT (%)	31.74±0.488 (5.30- 44.0)	30.52± 0.662 (12.0-45.0)	0.155
MCV (fl)	73.96±0.770 (9.10- 93.7)	71.79±1.212 (8.90-93.7)	0.124
MCH (pg/l)	21.19± 1.168 (12.30-248.0)	19.00±0.402 (12.30-31.0)	0.218
MCHC (g/dl)	25.74±0.161 (7.80-29.80)	25.66±0.181 (21.60-29.20)	0.752
PLATELETS (10⁹/L)	307.99± 9.304 (56.0-886.0)	383.64± 45.66 (105.0-4300.0)	0.024

*P> 0.05 = no significant difference, P< 0.05 = significant difference, WBC = White blood cell, HGB = Haemoglobin Concentration, RBC = Red blood cell, MCV = Mean cell volume, MCH=Mean cell haemoglobin, MCHC = Mean cell haemoglobin concentration, HCT = Haematocrit, % = Percentage, X̅ = Mean, SE = Standard Error

Table 4. Comparison of measured haematological parameters in women with leiomyomas based on age.

PARAMETERS

AGE GROUP (21-25) X̅±SE (min-max) N= 13

AGE GROUP (26-30) X̅±SE (min-max) N= 73

AGE GROUP (31-35) X̅±SE (min-max) N= 110

AGE GROUP (36-40) X̅±SE (min-max) N= 71

AGE GROUP (41-45) X̅±SE (min-max) N= 33

P-VALUE

WBC (cells/mm³)

5.64±0.271^a

(5- 8)

5.77±0.160^a

(4-13)

5.69±0.100^a

(4- 11)

6.09±0.253^a

(3 -19)

5.50±0.177^a

(3-8)

0.281

LYMPHOCYTE (%)

38.38± 0.756^a

(35- 42)

38.64±0.829^a

(15- 63)

39.39 ±0.645^a

(15- 64)

40.59±0.1.115^a

(15- 60)

41.12±1.671^a

(20- 64)

0.420

NEUTROPHILS (%)

59.31±0.804^a

(56- 65)

57.93±0.878^a

(29- 83)

56.99 ±0.619^a

(35- 83)

56.68±1.079^a

(38- 83)

56.61±1.524^a

(36- 76)

0.680

MONOCYTES (%)

1.77±0.361^a

(0- 5)

1.73±0.168^a

(0-6)

2.25±0.159^a

(0-7)

1.79±0.191^a

(0 -8)

1.39±0.250^b

(0 -6)

0.035

BASOPHILS (%)

0.385±0.180^a

(0.0- 2.0)

1.068±0.200^a

(0.0- 9.0)

1.092±0.146^a

(0.0- 7.0)

0.817±0.153^a

(0.0- 6.0)

0.636±0.189^a

(0.0 - 4.0)

0.232

EOSINOPHILS (%)

0.15±0.104^a

(0 0- 1)

0.33±0.076^a

(0- 3)

0.22±0.045^a

(0 -2)

0.34±0.085^a

(0- 3)

0.21±0.084^a

(0 -2)

0.490

HGB (g/dl)

9.56±0.648^a

(6- 13)

9.95±0.259^a

(5- 14)

9.42±0.228^a

(3-14)

10.33±0.283^a

(4 -15)

10.19±0.417^a

(5 - 14)

0.105

RBC cells 10¹²/l

4.213±0.139^a

(3.56- 5.52)

4.659±0.400^a

(2.80- 5.83)

4.929±0.525^a

(2.13- 5.60)

4.404±0.081^a

(2.13- 5.76)

4.411±0.118^a

(2.80- 5.83)

0.875

HCT (%)

30.08±1.86^a

(21.0- 38.0)

31.55±0.726^a

(20.0- 45.0)

30.59±0.623^a

(12.0- 43.0)

31.98±0.939^a

(5.30- 42.0)

32.69±1.189^a

(18.0- 44.0)

0.447

MCV (fl)

74.64±2.96^a

(58.7- 86.9)

74.15±0.1.49^a

(59.10- 93.7)

71.87±0.808^a

(55.0- 93.7)

74.36±1.406^a

(58.0- 91.1)

73.37±2.574^a

(57.90- 92.3)

0.561

MCH (pg/l)

20.62±1.620^a

(13.5- 31.0)

19.79±0.402^a

(13.4- 27.0)

18.66±0.285^a

(12.3 - 25.0)

24.49±3.362^a

(12.3- 24.8)

19.78±0.602^a

(13.0- 25.0)

0.102

MCHC (g/dl)

25.25±0.478^a

(22.9- 27.3)

25.77±0.173^a

(22.2- 29.0)

25.64±0.167^a

(21.6- 29.2)

25.65±0.386^a

(7.80- 29.0)

26.18±0.316^a

(22.8- 29.8)

0.664

PLATELETS (10⁹/L)

358.92±32.40^a

(172.0- 506.0)

321.86±16.58^a

(105.0- 886.0)

352.14±38.8^a

(87.0- 430.0)

317.3±016.4^a

(56.00- 886.00)

312.1±21.744^a

(106.0- 672.0)

0.842

P> 0.05 = no significant difference, P< 0.05 = significant difference, WBC=White blood cell, HGB= Haemoglobin Concentration, RBCS = Red blood cells, MCV=Mean cell volume, MCH=Mean cell haemoglobin, MCHC=Mean cell haemoglobin concentration, WBC=White blood cell, HGB = Haemoglobin Concentration, X̅ =Mean, SE=Standard Error HCT=Haematocrit, %=Percentage, Similar letters (superscripts) indicate values that are not significantly different from each other (P>0.05) and Non similar letters (superscripts) indicate values that are significantly different from each other (P<0.05).

Table 5. Comparison of Measured Haematological Parameters in Women with Leiomyomas Based on Ethnicity.

PARAMETERS

URHOBO X̅±SE (min-max) n= 196

ISOKO X̅±SE (min-max) n= 9

IJAW X̅±SE (min-max) n= 29

IGBO X̅±SE (min-max) n=11

ITSHEKIRI X̅±SE (min-max) n= 22

ETHNICITY IN OTHER STATES X̅±SE (min-max) n= 33

P-VALUE

WBC (cells/mm)

5.712±0.083^b

(3.30 -12.80)

7.433±1.518^a

(3.30 -18.90)

5.721±0.211^b

(2.60-8.50)

6.009±0.574^b

(4.50-10.60)

5.8714±0.204^b

(4.10 -7.90)

5.669±0.265^b

(4.60-10.90)

0.024

LYMPHOCYTE (%)

39.84±0.551

(15.00- 64.00)

43.67±4.586

(15.00-58.00)

39.82±1.139

(20.00-52.00)

35.55±2.349

(20.00 -46.00)

40.90±1.593

(28.00- 58.00)

37.89±1.235

(15.00 -58.00)

0.158

NEUTROPHILS (%)

57.05±0.528

(29.00 - 83.00)

54.67±4.714

(40.00- 83.00)

55.57±1.148

(46.00 -76.00)

60.82±2.299

(53.00-76.00)

56.57±1.430

(42.00-71.00)

59.26±1.297

(40.00 -83.00)

0.177

MONOCYTES (%)

1.826±0.105

(0.00 -7.00)

1.111±0.389

(0.00- 3.00)

2.714±0.421

(0.00 -8.00)

2.091±0.315

(1.00-4.00)

1.809±0.328

(0.00-6.00)

1.914±0.279

(0.00 -7.00)

0.063

BASOPHILS (%)

0.908±0.094^b

(0.00 -7.00)

0.111±0.111^b

(0.00- 1.00

1.929±0.490^a

(0.00- 9.00

0.818±0.296^b

(0.00 -2.00)

0.450±0.169^b

(0.00 -2.00)

0.857±0.214^b

(0.00 - 6.00)

0.002

EOSINOPHILS (%)

0.301±0.046

(0.00 -3.00)

0.444±0.176

(0.00-1.00)

0.036±0.036

(0.00 -1.00)

0.546±0.207

(0.00- 2.00)

0.143±0.078

(0.00 1.00)

0.229±0.083

(0.00- 2.00)

0.087

HGB (g/dl)

9.886±0.173

(2.60 -14.00)

10.61±1.037

(7.00-15.00)

9.789±0.426

(5.90-14.00)

10.15±0.435

(8.50 -12.30)

9.086±0.357

(5.30- 12.00)

10.05±0.419

(4.20- 14.00)

0.614

RBC (mg/dl)

4.648±0.293

(2.13-61.00)

4.369±0.224

(3.75- 5.76)

4.306±0.132

(3.10- 5.60)

4.485±0.149

(3.80-5.61)

4.637±0.474

(3.20- 13.80)

5.077±0.829

(2.13-33.00)

0.980

HCT (%)

31.72±0.474

(12.00- 45.00)

33.00±2.528

(22.00- 41.00)

30.50±1.172

(18.00- 43.00)

33.09±1.289

(27.00 -39.00)

29.43±0.969

(18.00-37.00)

30.27±1.626

(5.30 -45.00)

0.450

MCV (fl)

73.52±0.8272

(8.90- 93.70)

77.08±4.183

(58.00- 92.30)

72.70±1.510

(56.00 -86.90)

76.32±3.153

(66.30- 93.70)

70.92±1.783

(56.80 - 89.00)

72.01±2.329

(33.00- 86.90)

0.651

MCH (pg/l)

19.39±0.239^b

(12.30- 27.00)

20.57±1.706^b

(14.90- 28.50)

19.99± 0.801^b

(13.00 - 31.00)

40.72±20.75^a

(15.10 -248.00)

18.18±0.567^b

13.00 -23.40)

22.29±2.051^b

(13.14- 69.20)

0.000

MCHC (g/dl)

25.82±0.149^a

(7.80- 29.10

25.98±0.728^a

(23.30-29.80)

26.28±0.368^a

(22.00 -28.90)

26.45±0.564^a

(22.80-29.20)

24.74±0.329^b

(22.00-27.30)

25.00±0.469^a

(15.30-28.00)

0.035

PLATELETS (10⁹/L)

334.71±22.40

(89.00 - 430.00)

293.11±76.54

(87.00-886.00)

336.39±19.43

(140.00-531.00)

336.36±36.73

(206.00-566.00)

329.19±39.15

(56.00-761.00)

316.66±26.56

(105.00-886.00)

0.997

3. Discussion

This study investigated the hematological profile of women with uterine leiomyomas in comparison with apparently healthy controls in Warri Metropolis, Nigeria. The results demonstrated that women with leiomyomas had significantly lower mean levels of hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and eosinophil counts. Conversely, basophil counts and platelet levels were significantly elevated among women with leiomyomas compared to the control group. These findings align with, but also diverge in certain respects from, previously published literature, suggesting both shared and context-specific hematological alterations in women with uterine fibroids

[14]

. The observed reduction in Hb, Hct, MCV, and MCHC among women with leiomyomas supports the well-established link between uterine fibroids and anemia, particularly iron-deficiency anemia secondary to heavy menstrual bleeding. Several studies have highlighted anemia as one of the most common hematological complications of uterine leiomyomas. For instance, Taran et al. (2010) reported that excessive menstrual blood loss is the leading symptom associated with leiomyomas and is strongly correlated with reductions in Hb and Hct levels

[14]

. Similarly, Nkemayim et al. (2000) in Nigeria found a significant reduction in Hb levels among women with uterine fibroids, consistent with the findings of the present study

[15]

. The reductions in MCV and MCHC further suggest that the anemia in these women is predominantly microcytic and hypochromic, which is characteristic of iron-deficiency anemia. This is corroborated by reports from Akinmoladun and Lawal (2017), who described microcytic hypochromic anemia as a frequent finding among women with fibroids presenting for surgical management in Southwestern Nigeria

[16]

. Such hematological derangements not only reflect disease burden but also have implications for perioperative risk, as anemia has been associated with poorer surgical outcomes and increased transfusion requirements in women undergoing myomectomy or hysterectomy

[17]

The finding of reduced eosinophil counts in women with leiomyomas is less well-documented in the literature but raises interesting biological questions. Eosinophils are traditionally associated with allergic responses and parasitic infections, but emerging evidence also suggests a role in tissue remodeling and immune regulation. Some studies have demonstrated altered eosinophil counts in chronic inflammatory states, including reproductive tract disorders

[18]

. A report by Check et al. (2001) suggested that altered eosinophil activity may influence reproductive tract inflammation, though direct associations with leiomyomas remain sparse

[19]

. The lower eosinophil counts observed in the present study may reflect localized sequestration within the uterine tissue or a redistribution phenomenon rather than systemic suppression. Further histopathological correlation could provide clarity. In contrast, basophil counts were significantly elevated among women with leiomyomas. Basophils, though a minor leukocyte population, play a key role in the release of histamine and cytokines, and have been implicated in promoting angiogenesis and fibroblast proliferation. These processes are highly relevant to the growth and vascularization of leiomyomas. A related study by Taylor et al. (2007) demonstrated that inflammatory mediators, including histamine and interleukin-4, contribute to the growth milieu of fibroid tissue

[20]

. While direct evidence linking basophil elevation to leiomyoma pathophysiology is limited, our findings suggest a potential role for basophil-mediated inflammatory pathways in the disease process. This warrants further mechanistic studies. Platelet counts were significantly higher in women with leiomyomas compared to controls. Thrombocytosis in this context may be reactive, driven by chronic blood loss and iron deficiency, as previously observed in gynecological disorders. Buser et al. (2011) reported that reactive thrombocytosis often accompanies iron-deficiency anemia and may serve as a compensatory mechanism to mitigate bleeding risk

[21]

. Furthermore, platelets are increasingly recognized as active participants in tumor biology, releasing growth factors such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), both of which are implicated in fibroid proliferation

[22]

. Therefore, elevated platelet levels in women with leiomyomas may not only reflect a hematological response to blood loss but also contribute to disease progression. Our findings are consistent with a Nigerian study by Oguwike and Ndife (2012), who reported significant alterations in platelet and red cell indices among women with fibroids

[11]

. However, unlike their report, which documented elevated white blood cell counts overall, the present study did not observe significant differences in other leukocyte subsets apart from eosinophils and basophils. This discrepancy may reflect differences in sample size, population characteristics, or diagnostic thresholds.

The observation that nulliparous women with leiomyomas exhibited significantly elevated platelet counts relative to multiparous women provides an important insight into the interplay between reproductive history and hematological changes in uterine fibroid pathology. Although most other indices were not significantly different across parity groups, the distinct variation in platelet levels warrants a closer examination.

Platelets are increasingly recognized as active participants in the pathophysiology of benign and malignant gynecological tumors. They contribute to tumor growth by releasing angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), which promote neovascularization and stromal remodeling within fibroid tissue

[23, 24]

. The higher platelet count in nulliparous women could therefore reflect an enhanced systemic or local inflammatory and pro-thrombotic milieu, potentially exacerbating fibroid-related pathology.

This finding aligns with a report by Okon et al.

[25]

, who observed that women with leiomyomas exhibited higher platelet counts compared to controls, although their study did not stratify by parity. Our results extend this knowledge by highlighting reproductive history as a possible modifier of hematological responses in fibroid-bearing women.

Parity has been consistently linked to reduced risk of leiomyoma development. Multiparity is associated with prolonged exposure to pregnancy-related hormonal environments, notably high progesterone and estradiol fluctuations, followed by postpartum uterine remodeling and involution

[26, 27]

. These processes may mitigate fibroid growth and alter systemic responses, including platelet activity. Conversely, nulliparous women experience uninterrupted cycles of estrogen and progesterone, both of which may foster fibroid growth and maintain a low-grade inflammatory state

[28]

. Such hormonal milieu could contribute to sustained platelet activation and higher circulating counts in nulliparous women, as observed in our cohort.

Comparable observations have been made in studies examining reproductive history and hematological markers. A Turkish case-control study by Sahin et al.

[29]

reported that nulliparity was significantly associated with elevated platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios in women with leiomyomas, suggesting enhanced systemic inflammation in this subgroup. Similarly, a Nigerian cohort reported higher platelet counts in women with leiomyomas compared to controls, though parity-specific comparisons were not provided

[30]

. Together with our findings, these studies suggest that parity may modulate hematological responses in fibroid biology, particularly platelet indices.

On the other hand, not all studies have found parity-related differences in hematological markers. For example, Akinlade et al.

[31]

reported no significant variation in platelet counts or other indices between nulliparous and multiparous women with leiomyomas in southwestern Nigeria. Discrepancies between studies may reflect methodological differences, sample sizes, or the influence of confounding variables such as body mass index, iron status, or co-existing gynecological conditions. The increased in platelet could be attributed to lack of the long-term suppressive effects of gestation on fibroid development, leading to sustained hormonal stimulation that may indirectly enhance platelet activation through estrogen-mediated megakaryopoiesis

[32]

. Fibroid tissue produces pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), which can stimulate thrombopoiesis

[33]

. Multiparous women may experience partial immunomodulation from repeated pregnancies, whereas nulliparous women sustain heightened cytokine activity. Larger or more symptomatic fibroids, which are reported more frequently in nulliparous women

[34]

, may predispose to occult blood loss and compensatory thrombopoiesis, further contributing to platelet elevation.

The pattern of lower hemoglobin and higher platelets in single women is biologically plausible and consistent with a picture of chronic blood loss with reactive thrombocytosis. Uterine leiomyomas commonly cause heavy menstrual bleeding and iron-deficiency anemia; iron deficiency is a well-documented stimulus for reactive thrombocytosis, producing modest-to-moderate platelet elevations in affected women

[35, 36]

. In settings where single women may delay presentation or have different care-seeking behaviours, the net effect can be more advanced iron depletion at presentation and thus lower Hb with compensatory platelet rises. Population and facility-based studies in Nigeria show that late presentation for symptomatic fibroids is common and that socio-demographic factors (including marital status and parity) influence care-seeking and disease severity, which could account for the marital-status differences observed in our cohort

[37, 38]

Beyond reactive thrombocytosis, platelets may also participate directly in leiomyoma biology. Platelets store and release growth factors (for example, platelet-derived growth factor isoforms) and cytokines that can stimulate smooth-muscle cell proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition; uterine fibroid tissue overexpresses several PDGF isoforms relative to adjacent myometrium, supporting a potential platelet–tumor interaction that could amplify local growth and systemic platelet signals

[39, 40]

. Thus, higher platelet counts in single women could reflect both a reactive response to iron loss and an enhanced platelet–growth factor axis in women with more active or larger fibroids. Clinically, the combination of anemia and thrombocytosis highlights the need to assess iron stores (ferritin/TSAT) and to monitor platelet counts during pre-operative optimisation

[39]

The age-associated decrease in monocytes observed in the 41–45 year group requires cautious interpretation. Aging is associated with complex changes in monocyte biology — shifts in subset composition and functional capacity (inflammaging), metabolic alterations and altered cytokine responses — though absolute peripheral monocyte counts often show modest or inconsistent changes across studies

[41, 42]

. Some reports document age-dependent redistribution between classical, intermediate and non-classical monocyte subsets rather than frank monocytopenia; therefore our isolated finding may reflect sampling variability, cohort composition, or an age-related change in monocyte subset distribution that affected total counts in this narrow age band. Additional work measuring monocyte subsets and activation markers (CD14/CD16, HLA-DR, cytokine production) would clarify whether the difference reflects altered immune activation, senescence, or chance variation.

Apparent ethnic differences in WBC (Isoko), basophils (Ijaw), MCH (Igbo) and MCHC (Itsekiri) are intriguing but not unexpected: hematological indices show population-level variation driven by genetics, nutrition, endemic infectious exposures, and socio-environmental factors. Systematic reviews and national reference studies demonstrate that blood test distributions differ by ethnicity and region, and Nigeria exhibits within-country heterogeneity in hematological reference values

[43, 44]

. Higher WBC among one ethnic subgroup could reflect higher burden of acute or chronic infections, greater inflammatory exposure, or selection bias in clinic attendance; raised basophils in another subgroup could reflect atopy, allergic disease, or sampling artefact, but mechanistic data linking basophilia specifically to ethnic background are limited. Likewise, small differences in MCH and MCHC may reflect diet, iron status, haemoglobinopathy carriage or laboratory variation rather than primary ethnic effects. Given the paucity of published data comparing these particular Niger Delta ethnic groups (Isoko, Ijaw, Itsekiri, Igbo), our findings should be viewed as hypothesis-generating and warrant targeted follow-up with larger, community-based samples and adjustment for iron indices, malaria/parasitic infections, haemoglobin genotype and inflammatory markers

[44]

. The clinical implications of these hematological findings are profound. First, anemia and its related indices underscore the need for routine hematological screening in women with leiomyomas, especially in resource-limited settings such as Warri, Nigeria, where late presentation and limited access to transfusion services are common. Second, elevated platelet counts raise concerns about the potential risk of thromboembolic events in this population, a complication that is often underappreciated. Finally, the alterations in eosinophil and basophil counts, while not yet fully understood, point to possible immunological and inflammatory mechanisms in leiomyoma biology, opening avenues for novel therapeutic approaches.

4. Conclusion

In summary, this study demonstrated that women with uterine leiomyomas in Warri, Nigeria, exhibit significant hematological alterations, including anemia-related changes, elevated platelet counts, and shifts in eosinophil and basophil levels. These findings are consistent with prior reports while also adding new insights into the immunohematological profile of leiomyomas. The results underscore the importance of comprehensive hematological assessment in women with fibroids for both clinical management and future research aimed at understanding disease mechanisms.

5. Limitations and Novelty

A key strength of this study lies in its comprehensive evaluation of multiple hematological parameters rather than focusing solely on Hb or Hct, as has been the case in many prior Nigerian studies. This provides a more nuanced understanding of the hematological burden associated with leiomyomas in Warri. However, limitations include the relatively small sample size and lack of iron studies (serum ferritin, transferrin saturation) or inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, cytokine assays) to further elucidate mechanisms. Additionally, cross-sectional design precludes causal inference. Nevertheless, this study is among the few in Nigeria to systematically assess red cell indices, leukocyte subtypes, and platelet counts simultaneously in women with and without leiomyomas. By highlighting eosinophil and basophil alterations, it adds novel evidence to the existing body of literature.

Abbreviations

HMB	Heavy Menstrual Bleeding
MCV	Mean Corpuscular Volume
MCHC	Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration
MCH	Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin
PDGF	Platelet-Derived Growth Factor
IL-6	Interleukin-6
TNF-α	Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
HCT	Haematocrit
RBC	Red Blood Cells
WBC	White Blood Cells

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to express their sincere gratitude to B- Praise Laboratories, Ekpan and Central Hospital Warri, Delta State for their immense support.

Author Contributions

Patricia Ejenawome Dele-Ochie: Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Data collection

Fidelis Ohiremen Oyakhire: Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Data collection, Writing – original draft

Babatunde Ishola Gabriel Adejumo: Methodology, Investigation, Data collection

Kelly Iria Esezobor: Methodology, Investigation, Data collection

Divine Amakhu Dele: Writing – original draft

Juliana Edusola Olaniyan: Validation, Formal analysis, Data curation

Emmanuel Onosetale Afeikhena: Methodology, Investigation, Data collection

Samson Efenarhua: Writing – review & editing

Caleb Akhere Aigbokhan: Writing – review & editing

Osamwonyi Ernest Igbinovia: Validation, Formal analysis, Data curation

Joshua Osamudiamen Eboselume: Methodology, Investigation, Data collection

Prasad Babu Dasari: Writing – review & editing

Sadeeq Abdulsalam: Methodology, Investigation, Data collection

Andre Julin – Paulidor Kamdem: Validation, Formal analysis, Data curation

Funding

This research did not receive any external funding.

Data Availability Statement

The data are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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Dele-Ochie, P. E., Oyakhire, F. O., Olaniyan, J. E., Dele, D. A., Adejumo, B. I. G., et al. (2025). Comparative Hematological Profiles of Women with and Without Uterine Leiomyomas: A Case-Control Study. American Journal of Laboratory Medicine, 10(4), 78-90. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajlm.20251004.12

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Dele-Ochie, P. E.; Oyakhire, F. O.; Olaniyan, J. E.; Dele, D. A.; Adejumo, B. I. G., et al. Comparative Hematological Profiles of Women with and Without Uterine Leiomyomas: A Case-Control Study. Am. J. Lab. Med. 2025, 10(4), 78-90. doi: 10.11648/j.ajlm.20251004.12

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Dele-Ochie PE, Oyakhire FO, Olaniyan JE, Dele DA, Adejumo BIG, et al. Comparative Hematological Profiles of Women with and Without Uterine Leiomyomas: A Case-Control Study. Am J Lab Med. 2025;10(4):78-90. doi: 10.11648/j.ajlm.20251004.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ajlm.20251004.12,
  author = {Patricia Ejenawome Dele-Ochie and Fidelis Ohiremen Oyakhire and Juliana Edusola Olaniyan and Divine Amakhu Dele and Babatunde Ishola Gabriel Adejumo and Kelly Iria Esezobor and Samson Efenarhua and Osamwonyi Ernest Igbinovia and Emmanuel Onosetale Afeikhena and Caleb Akhere Aigbokhan and Joshua Osamudiamen Eboselume and Prasad Babu Dasari and Sadeeq Abdulsalam and Andre Julin – Paulidor Kamdem},
  title = {Comparative Hematological Profiles of Women with and Without Uterine Leiomyomas: A Case-Control Study},
  journal = {American Journal of Laboratory Medicine},
  volume = {10},
  number = {4},
  pages = {78-90},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajlm.20251004.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajlm.20251004.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajlm.20251004.12},
  abstract = {Background: Uterine leiomyomas, the most common benign tumors in women of reproductive age, are frequently associated with hematological changes due to abnormal uterine bleeding and related mechanisms. Data on how these changes vary with sociodemographic factors remain limited. Aim: This study assessed hematological profiles in women with leiomyomas compared with controls and examined variations by parity, marital status, age, and ethnicity. Methods: A comparative case-control study was conducted among women with leiomyomas and age-matched controls. Hematological indices were analyzed using standard hematology analyzers, and data were compared using statistical tests with significance set at P Results: Women with leiomyomas had significantly lower mean hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and eosinophils, while basophils and platelets were significantly elevated (P Conclusion: Leiomyomas are linked with anemia-related changes and elevated platelets, with variations across demographic factors. Routine hematological monitoring is essential for tailored management in affected women.},
 year = {2025}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Comparative Hematological Profiles of Women with and Without Uterine Leiomyomas: A Case-Control Study
AU  - Patricia Ejenawome Dele-Ochie
AU  - Fidelis Ohiremen Oyakhire
AU  - Juliana Edusola Olaniyan
AU  - Divine Amakhu Dele
AU  - Babatunde Ishola Gabriel Adejumo
AU  - Kelly Iria Esezobor
AU  - Samson Efenarhua
AU  - Osamwonyi Ernest Igbinovia
AU  - Emmanuel Onosetale Afeikhena
AU  - Caleb Akhere Aigbokhan
AU  - Joshua Osamudiamen Eboselume
AU  - Prasad Babu Dasari
AU  - Sadeeq Abdulsalam
AU  - Andre Julin – Paulidor Kamdem
Y1  - 2025/10/09
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajlm.20251004.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajlm.20251004.12
T2  - American Journal of Laboratory Medicine
JF  - American Journal of Laboratory Medicine
JO  - American Journal of Laboratory Medicine
SP  - 78
EP  - 90
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-386X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajlm.20251004.12
AB  - Background: Uterine leiomyomas, the most common benign tumors in women of reproductive age, are frequently associated with hematological changes due to abnormal uterine bleeding and related mechanisms. Data on how these changes vary with sociodemographic factors remain limited. Aim: This study assessed hematological profiles in women with leiomyomas compared with controls and examined variations by parity, marital status, age, and ethnicity. Methods: A comparative case-control study was conducted among women with leiomyomas and age-matched controls. Hematological indices were analyzed using standard hematology analyzers, and data were compared using statistical tests with significance set at P Results: Women with leiomyomas had significantly lower mean hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and eosinophils, while basophils and platelets were significantly elevated (P Conclusion: Leiomyomas are linked with anemia-related changes and elevated platelets, with variations across demographic factors. Routine hematological monitoring is essential for tailored management in affected women.
VL  - 10
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Patricia Ejenawome Dele-Ochie

Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Southern Delta University, Ozoro, Nigeria

http://orcid.org/0009-0004-1420-6170
Fidelis Ohiremen Oyakhire

Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Benson Idahosa University, Benin, Nigeria

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2567-9684
Juliana Edusola Olaniyan

Department of Chemical Pathology, Federal Medical Centre, Owo, Nigeria
Divine Amakhu Dele

Department of Internal Medicine, All Saints University, Dominica, United States
Babatunde Ishola Gabriel Adejumo

Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Benin, Benin, Nigeria

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6620-073X
Kelly Iria Esezobor

Department of Physiology, Joseph Ayo Babalola University, Ikeji-Arakeji, Nigeria
Samson Efenarhua

Department of Natural Science, Middlesex University, London, United Kingdom

http://orcid.org/0009-0002-0573-8429
Osamwonyi Ernest Igbinovia

Department of Laboratory Medicine, Swansea Bay Healthboard, Wales, United Kingdom

http://orcid.org/0009-0005-1181-1495
Emmanuel Onosetale Afeikhena

Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Benson Idahosa University, Benin, Nigeria

http://orcid.org/0009-0000-5172-6571
Caleb Akhere Aigbokhan

Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Benson Idahosa University, Benin, Nigeria

http://orcid.org/0009-0004-7533-9065
Joshua Osamudiamen Eboselume

Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Benson Idahosa University, Benin, Nigeria
Prasad Babu Dasari

Physiology Department, Bioprist Institute of Medical Sciences, Montego Bay, Jamaica

http://orcid.org/0009-0007-1391-1136
Sadeeq Abdulsalam

Department of General Medicine, Maxcare Hospital, Salalah, Oman
Andre Julin – Paulidor Kamdem

Department of Haematology, University of Benin, Benin, Nigeria

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APA Style

Dele-Ochie, P. E., Oyakhire, F. O., Olaniyan, J. E., Dele, D. A., Adejumo, B. I. G., et al. (2025). Comparative Hematological Profiles of Women with and Without Uterine Leiomyomas: A Case-Control Study. American Journal of Laboratory Medicine, 10(4), 78-90. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajlm.20251004.12

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ACS Style

Dele-Ochie, P. E.; Oyakhire, F. O.; Olaniyan, J. E.; Dele, D. A.; Adejumo, B. I. G., et al. Comparative Hematological Profiles of Women with and Without Uterine Leiomyomas: A Case-Control Study. Am. J. Lab. Med. 2025, 10(4), 78-90. doi: 10.11648/j.ajlm.20251004.12

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AMA Style

Dele-Ochie PE, Oyakhire FO, Olaniyan JE, Dele DA, Adejumo BIG, et al. Comparative Hematological Profiles of Women with and Without Uterine Leiomyomas: A Case-Control Study. Am J Lab Med. 2025;10(4):78-90. doi: 10.11648/j.ajlm.20251004.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ajlm.20251004.12,
  author = {Patricia Ejenawome Dele-Ochie and Fidelis Ohiremen Oyakhire and Juliana Edusola Olaniyan and Divine Amakhu Dele and Babatunde Ishola Gabriel Adejumo and Kelly Iria Esezobor and Samson Efenarhua and Osamwonyi Ernest Igbinovia and Emmanuel Onosetale Afeikhena and Caleb Akhere Aigbokhan and Joshua Osamudiamen Eboselume and Prasad Babu Dasari and Sadeeq Abdulsalam and Andre Julin – Paulidor Kamdem},
  title = {Comparative Hematological Profiles of Women with and Without Uterine Leiomyomas: A Case-Control Study},
  journal = {American Journal of Laboratory Medicine},
  volume = {10},
  number = {4},
  pages = {78-90},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajlm.20251004.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajlm.20251004.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajlm.20251004.12},
  abstract = {Background: Uterine leiomyomas, the most common benign tumors in women of reproductive age, are frequently associated with hematological changes due to abnormal uterine bleeding and related mechanisms. Data on how these changes vary with sociodemographic factors remain limited. Aim: This study assessed hematological profiles in women with leiomyomas compared with controls and examined variations by parity, marital status, age, and ethnicity. Methods: A comparative case-control study was conducted among women with leiomyomas and age-matched controls. Hematological indices were analyzed using standard hematology analyzers, and data were compared using statistical tests with significance set at P Results: Women with leiomyomas had significantly lower mean hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and eosinophils, while basophils and platelets were significantly elevated (P Conclusion: Leiomyomas are linked with anemia-related changes and elevated platelets, with variations across demographic factors. Routine hematological monitoring is essential for tailored management in affected women.},
 year = {2025}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Comparative Hematological Profiles of Women with and Without Uterine Leiomyomas: A Case-Control Study
AU  - Patricia Ejenawome Dele-Ochie
AU  - Fidelis Ohiremen Oyakhire
AU  - Juliana Edusola Olaniyan
AU  - Divine Amakhu Dele
AU  - Babatunde Ishola Gabriel Adejumo
AU  - Kelly Iria Esezobor
AU  - Samson Efenarhua
AU  - Osamwonyi Ernest Igbinovia
AU  - Emmanuel Onosetale Afeikhena
AU  - Caleb Akhere Aigbokhan
AU  - Joshua Osamudiamen Eboselume
AU  - Prasad Babu Dasari
AU  - Sadeeq Abdulsalam
AU  - Andre Julin – Paulidor Kamdem
Y1  - 2025/10/09
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajlm.20251004.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajlm.20251004.12
T2  - American Journal of Laboratory Medicine
JF  - American Journal of Laboratory Medicine
JO  - American Journal of Laboratory Medicine
SP  - 78
EP  - 90
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-386X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajlm.20251004.12
AB  - Background: Uterine leiomyomas, the most common benign tumors in women of reproductive age, are frequently associated with hematological changes due to abnormal uterine bleeding and related mechanisms. Data on how these changes vary with sociodemographic factors remain limited. Aim: This study assessed hematological profiles in women with leiomyomas compared with controls and examined variations by parity, marital status, age, and ethnicity. Methods: A comparative case-control study was conducted among women with leiomyomas and age-matched controls. Hematological indices were analyzed using standard hematology analyzers, and data were compared using statistical tests with significance set at P Results: Women with leiomyomas had significantly lower mean hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and eosinophils, while basophils and platelets were significantly elevated (P Conclusion: Leiomyomas are linked with anemia-related changes and elevated platelets, with variations across demographic factors. Routine hematological monitoring is essential for tailored management in affected women.
VL  - 10
IS  - 4
ER  -

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